Thinking Activity on I.A. Richard's Figurative Language .

I.A.Richards Figurative Language

Ivor Armstrong Richards was pioneer in the domain of New Criticism.His practical approach gave new path to literary criticism.Instead of intuitive and impressionistic criticism, it became more factual & scientific.In his methodology, a lot of importance is given to the “words”.

He believed that poet writes to communicate, and language is the means of that communication. Language is made of words, and hence a study of words is all important if we are to understand the meaning of a work of art. Words carry four kinds of meaning: Sense, Feelings, Tone and Intention.

To him, language of poetry is purely emotive, in its original primitive state. This language affects feelings. Hence we must avoid intuitive and over-literal reading of poems. Words in poetry have an emotive value, and the figurative language used by poets conveys those emotions effectively and forcefully.

There for here I have done verbal  Analysis of Bollywood Song: Tip Tip Barsa Paani

आहा हा हा हा आहा.. टिप-टिप बरसा पानी 

टिप-टिप बरसा पानी 
पानी ने आग लगाई 
आग लगी दिल में तो 
दिल को तेरी याद आई 
तेरी याद आई तो 
जल उठा मेरा भीगा बदन 
अब तू ही बताओ साजन मैं क्या करूं.. 

न न न न नाम तेरा मेरे लबों पर आया था
हो नाम तेरा मेरे लबों पर आया था 
हो मैंने बहाने से तुम्हे बुलाया था 
झूम कर आ गया सावन मैं क्या करूं 

टिप-टिप बरसा पानी  

पानी ने आग लगाई

आग लगी दिल में तो 

दिल को तेरी याद आई

तेरी याद आई तो  

जल उठा मेरा भीगा बदन 

अब तुम ही बताओ साजन मैं क्या करूं.. 

ये हे आ हा हा.. आ हा आहा..  
डू डू डू डू डूबा दरिया में खड़ा मैं साहिल पर 
हो डूबा दरिया में खड़ा मैं साहिल पर 
तू बिजली बनकर गिरी मेरे दिल पर 
चली ऐसी ये पागल पवन मैं क्या करूं.. 

टिप-टिप बरसा पानी पानी ने आग लगाई 
आग लगी दिल में तो दिल को तेरी याद आई
तेरी याद आई तो छा गया मुझपे दीवानापन
मेरे बस में नहीं मेरा मन मैं क्या करूं..
ये हे आ हा हा.. आ हा आहा.. 


Analysis of song:

Tip Tip Barsa Paani is Hindi song, taken from movie Mohra (1994) sung by Alka Yagnik, Udit Narayan. Lyrics penned by Anand Bakshi. Composed by Viju Shah. Starring Akshay Kumar and Raveena Tandon. 

This song represents situation of beloved during Rainy season whenever she sock in water at that time her fellings become more powerful thus she feels like fire in her heat as well as in her body. These feeling recognised her about her lover, and when she remembered him Once again A rainy season comes back with enthusiasm. Then the second part was sung by her lover and he sung that he was standing at rivage and whole sea get drown.Then he said that her beloved fall like a thunder on him and then walk like a crazy wind and asked what I do?

I.A. RICHARD'S suggested that misunderstanding in understanding poems happens oftenly.ans there for he gave four kinds of meaning.
1]Sense
2]Feeling
3]Tone 
4]Intention
Then He gave Tenor - Vehicle - Metapher
and then He gave -Two use of language Emotive & Scientific. Metaphorical language always suggests Connotative or Emotive use of language ,whereas Denotative or literal suggests Scientific language. So according to Richard's we have to give more importance to words rather then any Metaphorical language. 


Problems in Misunderstanding a song:

    टिप-टिप बरसा पानी  

पानी ने आग लगाई

  आग लगी दिल में तो 

    दिल को तेरी याद आई

This song is absolutely nonsensical, Because we all know that Water and Fire are opposite of one another, whenever Water appears; Fire will definitely Disappears.but here this song suggests something else which is nothing more then nonsensical or highly exaggeration of language.If Plato was alive he will definitely Banned this song because it impacts very harmful on children's mind as well as there is nothing truth in it, means this song teach lies.This song suggest that her Heart is Fired by water and therefore she recognised her beloved. but a common logic is that If her heart was fired then how she could be alive? means she have to die! 

ये हे आ हा हा.. आ हा आहा..  

             डू डू डू डू डूबा दरिया में खड़ा मैं साहिल पर 

    हो डूबा दरिया में खड़ा मैं साहिल पर 

  तू बिजली बनकर गिरी मेरे दिल पर 

     चली ऐसी ये पागल पवन मैं क्या करूं..

These lines are also suggests that how lies can be spoken by songs. I could not understand that how is this possible that one can stand on littoral and sea was drawn? As per The second last line insists, How a human being can be fall like a thunder and If we supposed for moment then science says that a normal human being definitely die of shock. 

So, I found that there are many things ,which are just misuse of language nothing else and therefor it sounds nothing Worthful. 

Activity of story writing- The little red riding hood

TASK ACTIVITY :

The little red riding hood

A little girl lives in a village - Calls her Little Red Riding Hood - Visits grandmother - Promises her mother not to talk with any strangers - Dark shadow approaches of a wolf - Conversation between wolf and Little Red Riding Hood - Wolf reaches grandma's home first - Eats her grandma - Little Red Riding Hood reaches grandma's home - Little Red Riding Hood recognises the wolf in grandma's attire - Cries for help - The woodsman knocks the wolf and carries it deep down in the forest.

• From the above given outlines, write a story between 150 to 200 words.

Self made story: 

A long long ago, there was a village called Clayton. There are 50 Houses in that village. A little girl called Little Red Riding Hood lived there with her mother and father. There was also another town called Synciston near by forest. In Synciston an old beautiful lady lived her name was Rosalind Riding Hood, who was actually Grandmother of Little Red Riding Hood, so once upon a time Our little Red Riding Hood wants to visit her grannies house thus she asked her mom to let her go alone, because she knows that both villages are closer enough that she can go lonely without any elder but there was a problem, the problem is forest because there are thousands of creature living inside and if anyone loose their way they surely died, and there for Red Riding Hood's Mother Mrs. Hood concerned for her daughter. So, Mrs. Hood suggested her not to talk with any strangers on the way and Little Red Riding Hood Promised that she will not going to talk with anyone on the way of grannies house. Then our little Red Riding Hood started her journey with some food and water, after a hour passed she reaches at the middle part of forest where she find so many stranger voices around her ;she was frightened but remember her mother's words and started walking once again. Suddenly she heard one voice sounds like a gentle ; a dark shadow approaches, it was a wolf but little Red Riding Hood was clever girl, she started talking with that wolf. Wolf Fraudulently asked everything to her and poor girl revealed all truth in front of it. A wily wolf intriguer and reaches Grandma's home first and knock the door, changed it's voice, imitate just like little Red Riding Hood and thus grandma thinks that her little Red Riding Hood is outside, she opens door and wolf killed her and ate her. When little Red Riding Hood was reached there she comes to know that wolf was in Grandma's attire and thus she cried for help. Fortunately The woodman was passing through that house and he heard scrambled voice of child and rushed into the house; he knocked that wolf and carries it to the deep down in the forest. 




So by this story we get a moral that 
- "Be responsible, or you shall pay the toll."
Or 
-"Don't stray from path."

THINKING ACTIVITY ON FRANKENSTEIN BY MARY SHELLEY .

 FRANKENSTEIN BY MARY SHELLEY .

Q-1: What are some major differences between movie and the novel Frankenstein ?(Mention any three)

ANS:

There are many differences between movie and Book,but here I have to mention only three which are like below.

1- The first thing which I have noticed is that -In book Mary Shelley has described victors childhood very widely but in movie Kenneth Brenagh putted only two-three scenes for victor's childhood.

2- Second thing is that In Movie ,when victor gave life to Elizabeth and she realised that she is like a monster she committed suicide by burning her self and house, whereas In book victor himself destroyed female monster before he had complete it.

3-And the last one is In movie at very last monster died with victor ,with his creator or father but In book he flees away somewhere.

Q-2:Did this movie help you in understanding the plot of the novel?

ANS:

Movie directed by Kenneth brenagh is more faithful then others.It is necessary that watching something is effects more powerfully then reading; Therefore , I can say that -YES, movie helped me a lot in understanding the plot of novel.

Q-3:Who do you think is real monster?

ANS: 

I think neither monster nor victor is 'real monster', because they are merely puppets of situation, Both are correct on their side. victor has a desire to create something which ended death on earth but by mistake outcome become creature which is unacceptable. In other hand monster also have humanly desires and thus he had done all those things. So I found that situations created all those things ,therefore only circumstances are responsible; and they are "Real Monsters." 

Q-4: From Where Mary Shelley get the idea for the novel Frankenstein ?

ANS:

Mary Shelley, Percy, Lord Byron and John Polidori decided to have a competition to see who could write the best horror story. After thinking for days, Shelley dreamt about a scientist who created life and was horrified by what he had made; her dream later evolved into the novel's story. 

Q-5:Do you think the search for the knowledge is dangerous and destructive? 

ANS:

I Think that -The search for Knowledge is good ,but applying  this knowledge anywhere without knowing it's truthiness is somehow, maybe dangerous and destructive. Just like DR.Faustus. 

Q-6:What are some myths used by Mary Shelley in the Frankenstein?

ANS:

There are three myths used by Mary Shelley in Frankenstein.

1]- A Myth of Narcissism

2]- A Myth of Prometheus

3]- A myth of paradise lost by monster ,comparing himself first with ADAM and later with SATAN.

Q-7:Write about the narratology of the Frankenstein.

ANS:

Frankenstein by Mary Shelley is work which considered as a frame narrative. It reflects story within the story. 

There are Three types of narrations but here we can find only one type which is first person singular, Furthermore writer wrote novel with three narrators which are:

• Captain Walton

• Victor Frankenstein 

• The Monster

All Three used "I" in their narration.

  

T.S.ELIOT Thinking Activity

T. S. Eliot: Tradition and Individual Talent

Q-1: How would you like to explain Eliot's concept of Tradition? Do you agree with it?

ANS: Eliot has explained the concept of Tradition in three parts. Eliot says that -

1st -Tradition cannot be inherited and involves a great deal of labour and erudition.

2nd-It involves the historical sense which involves apperception not only of the pastness of the past, but also of its presence. 

3rd-The historical sense enables a writer to write not only with his own generation in mind, but with a feeling that the whole of the literature from Homer down to the literature of his own country forms a continuous literary tradition.

Thus, I found his concept of Tradition Crystal clear, and i can say that Yes I'm agree with him.

Q-2:What do you understand by Historical Sense? 

ANS:

• "The historical sense involves a perception, not only of the pastness of the past, but of its presence"

-The above quote mentions that ; The historical sense means common sense, which gives one to not only understand the past but also how to implies it in presence.  

• This historical sense, which is a sense of the timeless as well as of the temporal and of the timeless and of the temporal together, is what makes a writer traditional. 

- This historical sense is timeless or we can say it is endless and furthermore it is temporal means; it is of present time. so the historical sense is timeless and temporal together and that is the quality which make writer traditional.

Q-3:What is the relationship between “tradition” and “the individual talent,” according to the poet T. S. Eliot?

ANS:

The relationship between 'Tradition' and 'The Individual Talent' is reciprocal.One can not cut himself from tradition. 

When the term 'Tradition' used ,somehow in negative sense but Eliot mentioned that writer should write with Historical sense in his bones. He explained that Tradition and Individual talent are similar or closely related to each other.

Q-4: Explain: "Some can absorb knowledge, the more tardy must sweat for it. Shakespeare acquired more essential history from Plutarch than most men could from the whole British Museum".

ANS: 

Eliot has given example from Matthew Arnold's essay 'fanction of criticism ' in which Arnold said that 'The great epochs of creativity doesn't come often' ; therefore to understand those quotes they gave reference of Shakespeare that he never learned and even he knows only one language, which is his mother tongue English. He was not learned man though he absorbed his entire age we can say that he lived through age. Shakespeare was not university scholar but he was scholar, in a sense of writing and observing surroundings. 

Q-5: Explain: "Honest criticism and sensitive appreciation is directed not upon the poet but upon the poetry"

ANS:

Furthermore Eliot mentioned that critic must have to criticise or appreciate the poetry not poet. Oftenly we noticed that critics mostly judge poetry or any literary work by name of writer not by work itself and thus Eliot denies that partial nature of critics and advised them to be honest and criticise or appreciate the poetry only on itself.

 

Q-6:How would you like to explain Eliot's theory of depersonalization? You can explain with the help of chemical reaction in presence of catalyst agent, Platinum.

ANS:

In very easy and simple manner The Theory of Depersonalizetion means, The poetry is more important then poet. it means poet have to separate his personal emotions from his poetry.  He gave example of sulphuric acid ,To describe creative process he used as a example from science a chemical reaction of to form sulphuric acid-H2So4. He talked about the formation of sulphuric acid to create this acid it needs sulfurtrioxide- So3, Water-H2o in which most important thing is the entire process will not take place without a catalyst, named Platinum Without a strip of platinum sulfuric acid will not form. Here critic described poets mind as a catalyst -platinum. He says about this chemical reactions that 'the man who suffers and the mind which creates are different.' 

 

Q-7:Explain: " Poetry is not a turning loose of emotion, but an escape from emotion; it is not the expression of personality, but an escape from personality."

ANS:

The above quotation mentions that poet should not allow to express his own emotions or feelings in to the poetry, he is not permitted to express his feelings but he has to escape from his personality and create something new, which is impersonal or different from his personality.

Q-8: Write two points on which one can write  critique  on 'T.S. Eliot as a critic'.

ANS: 

Here I'm going to describe those two points from which I found him as a critic.

1. His theory of Historical sense: "The historical sense involves a perception, not only of the pastness of the past, but of its presence"
2. His idea of Depersonalization : 'the man who suffers and the mind which creates are different.' 

Mathew Arnold: thinking activity

Q1- Write about a Idea of  Matthew Arnold which you find interesting and relevant in our times.

ANS: 

Matthew Arnold was a well known critic and poet of 19th century.He has given very apt definition of Poetry that- 'poetry is criticism of life', it is truly relevant in our time. I am agree with the idea of, definition of poetry by Arnold and for that I would like to give one example from Sabika Abbas's poetry namely "SAREE". In which she criticized not only male dominated society but also Politics,Castism and oppression of people of Kashmir.  

    
He also talked about the Idea of 'Disinterestedness' or 'Detachment'.'Disinterestedness on the part of the critic implies freedom from all prejudices, personal or historical'.Here Arnold tries to say that Detachment is behoove for critic. Critic should be free from all prejudices, he wants to make decision without partiality. critic have to forget his prejudices of personal as well historical, but it highly depends upon critics whether they follow or not.
e.g.= 

1. Drop of oil in water
2. Umpire of cricket 

Q2- Write about one idea of Matthew Arnold which you found out of date and irrelevant in our times.   

ANS:

I think Matthew Arnold's theory of "TOUCHSTONE METHOD' is out of date and irrelevant in our time. because, Arnold's general principle, the" Touchstone Method" introduced scientific objectivity to critical evaluation by providing comparison and analysis as the two primary tools for judging individual poets.Arnold's ideal poets are Homer and Sophocles in the ancient world, Dante and Milton among moderns, Goethe and Wordsworth in moderns, thus according to Arnold Chaucer, Dryden, Pope, and Shelley fall short of the best, because they lack "high seriousness". But I don't think that -any work of any writer can be judge by only a piece of few caplets or a small paragraph. I think people have their own parameters,they can think on their own way ,so they don't want to borrow anything from past to judge current works.

       

LITERARY TERM = DEUS-EX-MACHINA

TO EVALUATE MY PRESENTATION CLICK HERE. 

Literary Term:deus ex machina from KAVITABA P. GOHIL

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Evolution in Renaissance Literature.

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Evolution in renaissance paper 1 from KAVITABA P. GOHIL

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Satire on Women in Gulliver's travels.

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Satire on women in Gulliver's Travels. from KAVITABA P. GOHIL


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INFLUENCE OF MAHATMA GANDHI ON IWE (NOVELS)

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Influence of Mahatma Gandhi on IWE special reference with Novels. from KAVITABA P. GOHIL



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THEORY OF EVOLUTION BY CHARLES DARWIN.

Theory of evolution from KAVITABA P. GOHIL

Digdarshak - Hindi Drama - One Act Play - eNatya Shodh 2017

Digdarshak - Hindi Drama - One Act Play - eNatya Shodh 2017
Shortlisted For Enatya Shodh 2017 - Online One Act Play Competition.

Written By : Priyam Jani
Directed By : Rishit Jhaveri 

The Film Screening Committee of Department of English, M K Bhavnagar University organised screening of this play. In this play story is about one Digdarshak - Director; who's all dedications are only for his theater; he left his all desires only for students of theater. He dislikes people who misuses theater as a path to reach at cinema. Story tell's about immolation of teacher as well as student. The play is an autobiography of the Director, of his dedication towards theater. Here the Director trains a boy in acting and he becomes the ‘Digdarshak’ for the boy.One day boy left theater for his desires to become an actor. 

The play has many sub themes but major theme was CINEMA VS THEATER. Conflict between cinema and theater.Use of Flashback technique is giving charm to this play.

We all enjoyed this play; it was fantastic experience. It was a first Hindi play which i have watched ever in my life. 

WOULD YOU LIKE TO WATCH THIS PLAY?

SOME PHOTOGRAPHS                                  

                          

Wordsworth's Preface to Lyrical Ballads

Short Learning Videos on Wordsworth's Preface to Lyrical Ballads.

Here are some short videos on Wordsworth's Preface   , After watching these videos; I have given answers of questions, related these videos.

1.Differentiate between Classicism and Romanticism 

Q-1: What is the basic difference between the poetic creed of 'Classicism' and 'Romanticism'?

ANS:

Difference between classicism and romanticism. They are two ideologies.

👉 Classicism or also included Neo-classicism: #In which intellect is considered as ruling guiding principle.

 But in, 

👉 Romanticism: # Imagination is the guiding source. 

👉 In Neo-classicism They believed that there should be restrained 

👉 Romanticism: #they believed in liberty and freedom #free play of emotions there poet is free to express in the way he likes

 

👉 Neo-classicism #They relied on the classical masters like Aristotle, Plato, Secretes etc. #classicist are Bible for them 

👉 Romanticism #They relied on medieval poets and writers. 

👉 Classicism or Neo-classicism #They represents urban life #Alexander Pope, Dryden they present city life in their poetry and drama.

👉 Romanticism: #They present rustic, country side. #Wordsworth, of this period Shelley, Keats, Coleridge are poets of that period

👉 Classicism #They believed in objectivity #"good poetry should be objective"

👉 Romanticism #They believed in subjectivity #Wordsworth's definition"good poetry is a Spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, recollected in tranquility." So they are different in approaches to their life etc.

2. Poetic Diction

Q-2:What is poetic diction? Which sort of poetic diction is suggested by Wordsworth in his Preface?

ANS:

Poetic Diction means "CHOICE OF WORDS". 

# which lends unique style for each individual poet or author.

👉 Wordsworth in "preface to lyrical ballad" says that --He wants to wrote these poems and lyrical ballad in the language really used by man; and this comment makes controversy ;his friends Coleridge in his "BIOGRAPHIA LITERARIA" asked some questions on poetic diction are -'what do you actually mean by language really used by man? Which man? What reality? Which real man? etc. Wordsworth's ans: " He finds humble and rustic life to be with emotions which are more genuine words, diction of those people who are more closer to genuineness.

 

👉 but here other controversy happened that Wordsworth himself not strictly following what he says to others. 

Eg: MICHAEL -Pastoral poem.

3. What is a Poet?

Q-3:Why does Wordsworth say 'What' is poet? rather than Who is poet?

ANS: 

👉what is poet? 

# "poet is a man speaking to men" :endowed with more lively sensibility, more enthusiasm and tenderness.

 # He has a greater knowledge of human nature, and a more comprehensive soul than ordinary people. 

#The poet is who rejoices more than other men in spirit of life etc.

#'The entity called poet is such a human being who is overall in degree after better human being than ordinary human being. ' 

4.Daffodils - a case study to exemplify Wordsworth's poetic creed.

Q-4:Discuss 'Daffodils - I wandered lonely as a cloud' with reference to Wordsworth's poetic creed.

ANS:

 Explanation of Daffodils in reference to Wordsworth's definition of poetry.

 

➡" Spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings and emotions recollected tranquility..." 

Wordsworth *Daffodils (1804) Written by Wordsworth in 4 stanzas, first three are in past tense and last one is in present tense. 

👉 First stanza I wandered lonely as a cloud... Ten thousand saw I at a glance ... Now see, 

👉last stanza For oft,when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood... Thus this poem is good example of language and grammar. When poet remembers Daffodils tranquility vanishes and Spontaneity of happiness comes again. So, by watching these videos I'm getting more about Wordsworth and his definition of poetry.

5. Let us sum up

Q-5: Summarize Wordsworth's views in Preface to Lyrical Ballads

ANS:

In sum up all points were summarized. 

👉 Wordsworth's view in preface to lyrical ballads (1798) 

- French revolution (1789-1799)make great impact in life of conman people and also in writings of poets and writers. 

- desire for equality raised in people's mind. 

- Conman man asking for his rights. 

# Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797)

 -A vindication of the rights of women 

-It was beginning of new era 

- And during this period Wordsworth and Coleridge met with success, because during that period ordinary men became central idea. And now I'm pretty clear.